Never Again in Russia

In the Soviet Union and later in Russia, reference to World War II played a central role in the decades after 1945. The “never again” narrative in Russia takes a very specific form: The focus is not on the Holocaust but on the Victory in the “Great Patriotic War” against fascism, the increase of power and status in the international system that this has brought, and the perpetuation of the present and timeless actuality of war in a mostly imperial and post-imperial context. The discourse on Victory against fascism undergoes a paradoxical development, from a way of commemorating collective trauma to the justification and glorification of new wars.

25. Juli 2024

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Restitution for Pushback Victims

Despite the trauma caused by the brutality of pushbacks, victims often attempt to return to the expelling state’s territory, driven by desperation and the search for a better life. In doing so, they risk repeated violations of their rights. This vicious circle has to be broken. As reparation for the violation of their rights, restitution allowing for their return to the territory of the state responsible for the violation should be granted. This victim-centered approach allows their primary goal of re-entry into the state territory to be achieved through legal means.

25. Juli 2024

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Freedom to Discuss Religion Between Facts and Opinions

In a recent televised discussion in Turkey, two Youtube-influencers have discussed Sharia law and Muhammad’s marriage with Aisha. This has caused strong reactions on social media. Moreover, after a public statement of the Justice Minister, a criminal investigation has been initiated. I argue that such statements should enjoy the full protection of freedom of expression. However, I criticise the distinction between “statements of fact and value judgements” as introduced by the ECtHR in case E.S. v Austria.

25. Juli 2024

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Diskriminierend eingestellt

Frauen*, die in Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen arbeiten, sind dreimal häufiger von sexueller Belästigung betroffen als Frauen* an anderen Arbeitsplätzen. Gleichzeitig gelten sie als „sichere Opfer“, weil ihnen häufig nicht geglaubt wird. Der Verfassungsgerichtshof Berlin gab nun einer Betroffenen recht und stellte fest, dass das Ermittlungsverfahren gegen ihren Gruppenleiter wegen sexueller Belästigung verfassungswidrig eingestellt worden sei. Der Beschluss selbst gibt zwar kaum Aufschluss über die antidiskriminierungs-rechtlichen Standards – aber Anlass, diese herauszuarbeiten. Denn die wenigsten kennen die verfahrensbezogenen Bedarfe behinderter Menschen.

25. Juli 2024

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Zeitgenössische Kriminalpolitik in a nutshell

Pünktlich zur Urlaubszeit bringt die Ampel mit dem Gesetzesentwurf zur Änderung des Luftsicherheitsgesetzes einen für Flughafen-Blockaden maßgeschneiderten Straftatbestand ins Spiel, der das Eindringen auf Flughafengelände mit Freiheitsstrafe von bis zu fünf Jahren bedroht. Durchaus kreativ schreiben die Entwurfsverfasser anhand des abstrakten Rechtsguts der Luftsicherheit eine Gesetzeslücke herbei, die in Wahrheit nicht besteht. Sie setzen damit einen gesetzgeberischen Trend fort, der im Gewand abstrakter Gesetzessprache und mit dem Anschein politischer Neutralität daherkommt, im Kern aber auf die selektive Verfolgung bestimmter Personengruppen abzielt.

24. Juli 2024

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A Democratic Mandate to Overhaul Mexico’s Judiciary?

It is time to take the present threat as what it is: the most serious threat to Mexico’s constitutional democracy at least since the slow start of the democratic transition in the late 1970’s. The constitutional amendment to the judiciary will translate into an incommensurable retrocession in terms of professionalization and judicial independence building. The day after the amendment is passed, Mexico will officially be less democratic and more authoritarian in that the scrutiny of the exercise of public power would have been put at great risk.

24. Juli 2024

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Aristotle in the Commission

Today, the European Commission issued its fifth Annual Rule of Law Report (ARoLR). While this monitoring exercise has come a long way and has been significantly improved, the rule of law backsliding remains one of the most pressing issues of the EU. In the following I present seven recommendations how to improve the Commission’s monitoring exercise. At the core lies a differentiation between a democracy and a hybrid regime. Once a Member State qualifies as the latter, it must be treated accordingly.

24. Juli 2024

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The Collective Memory of Trauma and Why it Still Matters

Holocaust historian Jan Tomasz Gross claimed in a 2015 article that the immigration crisis in Europe is inextricably linked to the way Europeans today contend with their group’s behavior during the Holocaust. What does the influx of mostly Muslim immigrants to Europe have to do with how Europeans treated their Jewish population eighty years ago? According to Gross, the answer lies in whether nations acknowledge their historical culpability, most notably in the case of Germany, or whether they actively try to deny any wrongdoing, such as in the cases of Poland and Hungary.

24. Juli 2024

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Poverty as a Crime

In June 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court in the Opinion City of Grants Pass v. Johnson held that the Constitution does not guarantee individual protection against the criminalisation of homelessness. Similarly, in May 2024, the European Court of Human Rights found the case concerning the criminalisation of begging, Dian v. Denmark, inadmissible. Both of these judicial decisions are disputed since the criminalisation of poverty cannot solve the problem of homelessness or begging. Rather, it violates the fundamental dignity of the individual.

23. Juli 2024

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Die Zeitenwende beginnt im Nahen Osten

Nach den vielbeachteten Entscheidungen des Internationalen Gerichtshofs (IGH) über einstweilige Anordnungen im Gaza-Konflikt erweckte das Gutachten vom 19. Juli 2024 zur Illegalität der israelischen Besatzung ein verhältnismäßig geringes Medienecho. Dies steht im eklatanten Gegensatz zu seinem Inhalt. Der internationale Gerichtshof bewertete nämlich kurzerhand die gesamte israelische Besatzung des palästinensischen Gebiets, einschließlich Gaza, für rechtswidrig. Dies dürfte erhebliche völkerrechtliche, völkerrechtspolitische, geopolitische und erinnerungspolitische Konsequenzen nach sich ziehen.

23. Juli 2024

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