At Risk of Capture?

On December 21st, the mandates of three judges of the Italian Constitutional Court will expire, creating a total of 4 vacancies. While Parliament is responsible for filling the seats, political parties are far from reaching an agreement on who should get appointed. The majority’s strategic obstruction of the appointment process in combination with Meloni’s assertions that it is up to her political majority to “deal the cards” for these elections raise the specter of the Court’s politicization. While the Italian legal system has several safeguards to preserve the impartiality and effectiveness of its Constitutional Court, these do not immunizes it against practices that could slowly and almost imperceptibly undermine its independence.

19. Dezember 2024

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New Zealand’s Constitution of Liberty

The New Zealand government has launched a consultation on a Regulatory Standards Bill that could shape both existing and future regulation. In addition to laying down principles to which regulation will be expected to conform, the bill would set up an institutional mechanism for implementing them. It is an ambitious undertaking which deserves attention beyond New Zealand’s shores for three reasons: first, its remarkably libertarian content; second, the unusual way in which it would be implemented; and third, what it can tell us about the ways in which an “unwritten” constitution changes―or doesn’t.

19. Dezember 2024

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Deutschland, Israel und der IGH

Das Verfahren zwischen Südafrika und Israel vor dem Internationalen Gerichtshof zählt vielleicht zu den bedeutendsten in der Geschichte des Gerichts. Bereits zehn Staaten sind dem Verfahren beigetreten oder haben ihren Beitritt beantragt. Deutschland kündigte seine Absicht zur Intervention bereits kurz nach der Klageeinreichung Südafrikas an, noch bevor es selbst in einen Rechtsstreit mit Nicaragua über die Unterstützung Israels verwickelt wurde. Eine politisch motivierte Intervention unter Art. 63 des IGH-Status würde sich jedoch dem Vorwurf der Doppelmoral aussetzen. Erweiterten Handlungsspielraum eröffnet dagegen eine Intervention unter Art. 62 des IGH-Status.

19. Dezember 2024

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Lay Judges in Common Courts

Lay judges in Poland, who play a crucial role in enhancing civic participation in the judiciary, have seen their role marginalized over time due to systemic changes and professional judges’ attitudes. Lay-judges do not feel adequately appreciated, do not see their function as a source of pride. Despite being undervalued and facing dwindling interest from citizens, revitalizing their participation through legislative reforms and a fresh narrative could strengthen public trust and legitimacy in the justice system.

19. Dezember 2024

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Schrödinger’s Judges

What happens when judges are both legitimate and illegitimate at the same time? In post-2023 Poland, tension arises between ‘old judges’ (pre-2018), accusing ‘neo-judges’ of ethical compromise, and the new government, which aims to maintain judicial continuity. As a result, neo-judges find themselves in a state akin to Schrödinger's cat, their legitimacy simultaneously affirmed and denied. This paradox encapsulates the broader struggle over judicial authority and political influence in the country.

19. Dezember 2024

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Prohibiting Drivers of Biodiversity Loss

On 14 November 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) found Germany in breach of the Habitats Directive (HD) due to a failure to prohibit agricultural activities that drove biodiversity loss in protected (Natura 2000) sites. The ruling in C-47/23 appears significant due to its focus on the drivers of deterioration and the need to take legally binding measures against those drivers. In light of the poor state of nature across the EU and the ongoing failure to adequately address the drivers of biodiversity loss, this ruling provides an important clarification on the HD’s non-deterioration obligation.

19. Dezember 2024

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Freundschaft schließen mit der Entgelttransparenz

Die Entgelttransparenzrichtlinie (EU) 2023/970 soll geschlechtsspezifische Entgeltunterschiede durch erweiterte Transparenzmechanismen und klare Sanktionsvorgaben reduzieren. Sie erfordert bis 2026 Anpassungen des deutschen Entgelttransparenzgesetzes, dessen bisherige Instrumente – wie der Auskunftsanspruch und freiwillige Berichtspflichten – nur begrenzte Wirkung gezeigt haben. Die Richtlinie bietet die Chance, bestehende Entgeltsysteme zu reformieren, geschlechtsneutrale Bewertungsmaßstäbe zu etablieren und die Verhandlungsposition von Beschäftigten zu stärken.

18. Dezember 2024

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Ein »Hochschulsicherheitsrecht« verstößt gegen die verfassungsrechtliche Gewährleistung wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Lehre

Verfassungsrechtlerinnen und Verfassungsrechtler aus allen juristischen Fakultäten des Landes NRW haben sich zu der folgenden Stellungnahme zusammengeschlossen. Sie trägt die Unterschrift einer deutlichen Mehrzahl aller aktiven Hochschullehrer des Verfassungsrechts, mehrere Rechtsfakultäten sind mit ihrem Öffentlichen Recht vollständig vertreten.

18. Dezember 2024

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Restoring the Rule of Law

Poland has become a real-time laboratory of rule of law restoration. The new government is faced with the fundamental question of how to tackle undemocratic reforms with legitimate, democratic measures. Avoiding obstruction by the affiliates of the outgoing regime and suppressing the desire for retribution by the injured parties presents the biggest challenge. Yet, the Polish government has a rare occasion to lead by example on how to solve the rule of law crisis not only by legal, but also political means.

18. Dezember 2024

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The Winding Road To The Mountaintop

In the Rule of Law in Poland Action Plan, the Polish government outlined its approach to restoring the rule of law in the country. It might have been a good starting point for developing the concept of restoring the rule of law. However, it remains unsatisfying that, after so many years of discussing the collapse of the rule of law, more elaborate ideas for its restoration were not put on the table, and the Action Plan lacks concrete proposals.

18. Dezember 2024

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