Articles for category: English Articles

Waffenungleichheit im Verfassungsprozess

„Gegenstandslos“ – so lautet das Verdikt des Zweiten Senats des Bundesverfassungsgerichts über den Antrag des Deutschen Bundestags auf Ablehnung von Bundesverfassungsrichter Peter Müller im Verfahren über eine Wahlprüfungsbeschwerde der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion gegen den Umgang des Bundestags mit Wahlfehlern im Land Berlin bei den Wahlen zum 20. Deutschen Bundestag. Damit verstärkt der Zweite Senat eine ohnehin im geltenden Prozessrecht angelegte Unwucht, die sich aus der unterschiedlichen Rechtsstellung von Verfahrensbeteiligten einerseits und lediglich Anhörungsberechtigten andererseits ergibt.

13. Juli 2023

Contesting the Ultimate Leverage to Enforce EU Law

By now it has become clear that Poland is not willing to discharge the definitive judicial penalties of over EUR 600 million which the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has ordered it to pay for failing to observe coercive interim measures. When the Commission announced it would proceed to set off the outstanding amounts against money due to Poland from the EU budget, the Polish government vowed to fight the recovery ‘with all legal means’. Recently, Poland has put its money where its mouth is. It has brought four cases before the General Court to challenge the recovery. These actions have thus far evaded closer scrutiny in the legal blogosphere. However, they contain a significant challenge to the EU’s powers to enforce judicial penalties against Member States, namely as regards recovery by offsetting. As the cases raise issues which may have repercussions beyond these proceedings, this post casts a closer look at Poland’s applications and analyses their potential broader significance.

12. Juli 2023

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Did Israel Lose its Sanity?

Israel is in the midst of an acute struggle over its constitutional identity. We are witnessing a government adamant about revolutionizing Israel’s constitution (“Basic Laws”), which may typically be amended by a simple majority of the legislature and is thus prey to the whims of an extreme government. The most recent move on the government’s agenda, passing a constitutional amendment that would severely restrict the reasonableness doctrine, would bring Israel closer to the brink of constitutional chaos. In this blog, I explain the theoretical arguments in favor and against the proposal and lay out the implications, should this proposal go through, given the government’s true, concerning motivations that are already evident on the grounds.

12. Juli 2023

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Challenging the ‚Post-Soviet‘ Label and Colonial Mindsets

The international discourse long depended on the term ‘post-Soviet’ to refer to the 15 sovereign states that emerged and re-emerged from the Soviet Union following its dissolution in 1991. The list includes European and Asian countries with contrasting backgrounds. Rooted in the context of the Cold War, the term fails to capture the crucial ongoing metamorphosis and challenges of these states for the past thirty years. For Lithuania and the Baltic region at least, the NATO Summit in Vilnius in July 2023 is a chance to emphasize the strong European identity and to challenge the deep colonial mindsets, which overlooks Eastern European perspectives in favor of those built in Moscow since the beginning of the 20th century.

11. Juli 2023

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Weaponizing Russia’s Memory Law

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Russia is increasingly using its “memory law” to put pressure on potential critics of the Russian attack on Ukraine. While it is being used to crack down on anti-war dissenters, it also provides a (false) pretext of a legitimate societal cause for its application. In this way, the laws are used to create a mood of paranoia and fear among the population, and a feeling as if the country were in a besieged fortress.

11. Juli 2023

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Why Europe Must Never Forget about the Polish Constitutional Court

 In 2023, we should have been celebrating the 41st anniversary of the establishment of Polish Constitutional Court. “Should” is used advisedly here because as is well known Poland no longer has a constitutional court. Undoubtedly, the technical question of how to rebuild the Court is important, yet we should also understand why its rebuild must be the first order of the day after the present dark days of total capture. I argue, in this respect, that the EU would do well to remember the central role constitutional courts have played in the particular form of constitutionalism that emerged in the aftermath of Europe’s experience with totalitarianism, and the laudable way in which the Polish Constitutional Court took up this task.

10. Juli 2023

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Restoring the Rule of Law By Breaching It

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The judicial reform recently passed by the Hungarian Parliament ostensibly seeks to restore the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law in Hungary. Crucially, it is also a vital step for the government to gain access to the 27 billion in frozen EU funds. While some might think that the EU’s strategy has been successful, a closer look shows that while the reform has the potential of improving judicial independence, the procedure leading to its adoption shows that there is no real commitment to restore the rule of law. In particular, throughout the law-making process the government consistently flouted the principle of legality, including the requirement of transparent, accountable, democratic and pluralistic law-making.

10. Juli 2023

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Das Ende des Daten-Eldorados

Das Zeitalter des „Daten-Eldorados“ dürfte vorbei sein. Nach dem epochalen Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs im Fall Meta wird sich das Geschäftsmodell der Big-Data-Unternehmen grundlegend ändern müssen – zum Schutz ihrer Nutzer vor Missbrauch ihrer persönlichen Daten und der Öffentlichkeit vor Missbrauch der marktbeherrschenden Stellungen dieser Unternehmen.

10. Juli 2023

Harvard’s Diversity Chicken Comes Home to Roost

The US Supreme Court's decision in Students for Fair Admission is a potential blessing. Diversity was always a problematic justification for race-based admissions programs. Diversity's origins are anti-Semitic. More likely, however, the decision will be a curse. The United States Supreme Court has made the pathway for disadvantaged minorities more difficult.

9. Juli 2023

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Intertemporal Freedom in the Historic Climate Protection Ruling of the German Federal Constitutional Court

The climate protection ruling of the German Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe of 2021 is a historic decision. It is on a par with the Court's major landmark decisions such as Lüth, Elfes, or Brokdorf. It updates the fundamental value of equal freedom: Freedom includes future freedom and, as a right to intertemporal freedom, can demand a proportional distribution of freedom opportunities over time. 

8. Juli 2023

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