Between Legal Deficiencies and Political Restraint

Traditionally, it is Germany, not France, which is presented as the model example of militant democracy. Among the various provisions of the German Basic Law, Article 21 (2), setting out the procedure for banning political parties, is perhaps one of the clearest expressions of the basic constitutional decision in favour of a streitbare Demokratie. Nevertheless, setting concepts aside and examining empirical data, it is interesting to note that Germany has banned fewer political parties than France since the end of the Second World War.

Decolonization Through Decolonial Reforming

Many stakeholders agree that the WHO has not been able to adequately address the political and social problems, global health emergencies triggered or exacerbated by epidemics and pandemics, malnutrition, and access to clean water in recent years. Against this backdrop, there is a widespread call for more equity and solidarity in the global health system. Most of the proposals concerning the reform of the WHO deal with the possible goals and outcomes of such a reform. However, it is just as important to consider how such a reform should be carried out so that the ambitious goals are not compromised by the implementation process itself.

Luft holen

Die Recherchen von correctiv über ein Treffen von AfD-Mitgliedern, Identitären und Mitgliedern der Werteunion in Potsdam haben einen Stein ins Rollen gebracht. Viele Menschen, die bisher schwiegen, aber dennoch mit Sorge auf eine erstarkende extreme Rechte blickten, konnten nun ihrer Meinung Ausdruck verleihen. Gerade in kleineren Gemeinden sind diese Kundgebungen und Demonstrationen ein ermutigendes Zeichen. Neben den vielen Demonstrationen findet auch die Forderung nach einem AfD-Verbot mehr Gehör. Von einem Parteiverbot darf man sich jedoch nicht mehr erhoffen als eine institutionelle Atempause – allerdings nicht in diesem Wahljahr.

One Health – One Welfare – One Rights

The projected WHO Pandemic Agreement, as currently under negotiation, will most likely contain a detailed prescription of a One Health approach (Art. 1(d) and Art. 5 of the INB negotiating text of 30 October 2023). This contribution examines the legal potential of a One Health approach for laws and policies towards animals raised, kept, and slaughtered for providing meat, milk, fur, and other body products for human consumption. My main argument will be that, taken seriously, the idea of One health defies a hierarchy between the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems. The inner logic of One Health is to exploit the positive feedback loops between safeguarding human, animal, and ecosystem health. This approach should modify the still prevailing unreflected and unchecked prioritisation of measures in favour of human health at the expense of and to the detriment of animal health and life. I will illustrate my claim with two policy examples.

Wehrhafte Demokratie light oder doch Verbotsverfahren?

Die Debatte um Parteiverbote scheint festgefahren. Auf der einen Seite stehen jene, die Parteiverbote grundsätzlich ablehnen. Auf der anderen Seite stehen jene, die dringend ein Parteiverbot fordern, möglicherweise verbunden mit einem Verfahren auf Grundrechtsverwirkung gegen einzelne Politiker. Sinnvoll erörtern lässt sich die Frage der Parteiverbote aber letztlich nur im Kontext mit anderen Strategien und Mechanismen.

As Good as It Gets

Contrasting the constitutional limitations on the freedom to establish political parties in Italy and Germany brings out two quite different conceptions of militant democracy: one is particularistic, retrospective, and provisional – preoccupied with the transition to democracy; the other is universalistic, prospective, and enduring – concerned with the degeneration of democracy. The Portuguese Constitution, true to its eclectic character and multiple influences, steers a seemingly middle course between these polar options.

The Future of Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing under International Law

The sharing of pathogen samples and their associated genetic sequence data (GSD) is crucial for global pandemic prevention, preparedness and response. It enables global surveillance, risk assessment and the research and development of pandemic-related products. The sharing of related benefits is also seen as key to ensuring more equitable global access to the fruits of science. These issues, collectively known as Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing (PABS), remain a major point of contention in the ongoing Pandemic Agreement negotiations. In this post, I explore potential scenarios regarding the establishment or absence of the new PABS System, and their implications under international law.

Die Fallstricke der wehrhaften Demokratie

Die in Westdeutschland populäre Formulierung „Keine Toleranz den Feinden der Toleranz“ ist eine kurze Synthese von Zitaten Karl R. Poppers und des deutschen Politikwissenschaftlers Dolf Sternberger. Sie gehört seit den fünfziger Jahren zum Sprachschatz der wehrhaften Demokratie. Gegenwärtig erlebt sie eine neue Renaissance. Getrieben wird sie dieses Mal nicht von Konservativen, sondern paradoxerweise von jenem grün-linken Lager, das in den siebziger Jahren selbst Objekt illiberaler Observierung und beruflicher Diskriminierung war.

Paradoxien und Anpassungsbedarf im BVerfGG

Die Diskussion um ein Parteiverbot ist begleitet von politischen Bedenken vor allem hinsichtlich eines Scheiterns, das bei einem Antrag gegen die Gesamtpartei zumindest nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann. Doch bereits wenige Anpassungen im BVerfGG könnten ermöglichen, dass ein Verbotsantrag auch hinsichtlich der Teilorganisation einer Partei gestellt werden kann. Dasselbe gilt für den Ausschluss von der staatlichen Finanzierung.

Power and Distribution in Global Health Governance

Since at least the 1980s, private actors and market-based mechanisms have played an increasingly important role in the provision of public goods and services and the pursuit of public policy objectives in general. A market approach is also widely used in the field of public health. In effect, the PPP approach, as illustrated by COVAX, can work to structurally protect the interests of (a majority) of the high-income countries. While PPPs in global health may do a lot of good things, their private law, contractualist nature and structures safeguard formal state sovereignty and voluntarism, predominantly benefitting high-income donor countries