Articles for category: Focus

The Hungarian Dilemma from a Pluralist Perspective

The constitutional and political developments in Hungary in the last few years have stirred a lot of controversies and also raised significant academic attention. This blog has provided not only a wonderful forum for an exchange of different views, but it has also produced original and thought-provoking proposals for tackling the Hungarian problem. However, the »reverse Solange« idea, the call for the establishment of a special Copenhagen Commission, for a straightforward supremacy of the Charter and other insightful proposals, all appear to be addressing the Hungarian dilemma from within the constitutional register. This is, of course, a legitimate choice, but ... continue reading

The Sense and Nonsense of a Copenhagen Commission

1. Failings The political actors themselves admit that it was a mistake to push for fulfillment of the Copenhagen criteria for accession while having no evaluation mechanisms for reviewing a country’s sustained adherence to the criteria following its accession – and now arguing that this could be set aright through establishment of a Copenhagen Commission, understood as a watchdog, that red-flags a given country’s drift into crude nationalism à la Hungary. It is also correct that we not expect too much of the »nuclear option« of Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The process does not provide ... continue reading

Sinn und Unsinn einer Kopenhagen-Kommission

1. Versäumnisse Von den politischen Akteuren wird eingeräumt, dass es ein Fehler war, auf die Erfüllung der Kopenhagen-Kriterien für den Beitritt zu drängen, nach dem erfolgreichen Beitritt aber keine Evaluierungsmechanismen für die Überprüfung der dauerhaften Einhaltung der Kriterien in der Hand zu haben. Das könnte durch die Einrichtung einer Kopenhagen-Kommission, verstanden als watchdog, die auf das Abgleiten in einen kruden Nationalismus à la Ungarn aufmerksam macht, nachgeholt werden. Richtig ist auch, dass wir von der »nuklearen Option« des Art. 7 EUV nicht zu viel erwarten können. Dass dieses Verfahren keinen Ausschluss aus der Union vorsieht, hat allerdings gute Gründe, die ... continue reading

Opening the enforcement of EU fundamental values to European citizens

Over the last two years, the adoption, implementation and, more recently, amendment of the new Hungarian Constitution have sparked widespread political and academic discussion motivated by the controversial genesis and contents of that document. Debates on a European scale have revolved around the difficulties encountered by the European Union in contrasting the corrosion of constitutional democracy in one of its member states. Following a consolidated trend in European studies, also in this occasion the blame has been thrown on the EU institutional framework. If there are problems, it seems, this is mainly because the available instruments of enforcement are inadequate. ... continue reading

„Die Armen werden entscheiden, dass es sich nicht lohnt, da dabeizusein“

Hamburg, 23. März 2013. Die Eröffnung der Internationalen Bauausstellung lockt große Massen in das einst so heruntergekommene Stadtviertel Wilhelmsburg. Unter den Hauptattraktionen sind Saskia Sassen und Richard Sennet, das Königliche Paar der Soziologie, zwei der einflussreichsten Intellektuellen der Welt und – wie oft bei Ehepaaren – häufig einer Meinung, aber beileibe nicht immer (wie man noch sehen wird). Beide sollen bei der Eröffnungskonferenz sprechen, und beide haben zugesagt, mir während der Mittagspause ein Interview über »Europa 2023« zu geben. Wir gehen zum nahegelegenen Hotel »Wälderhaus«, einem IBA-Ausstellungsobjekt und ganz aus Holz errichtet, wo wir uns im vollen Restaurant einen Tisch ... continue reading

„The Have-Nots Will Decide That It’s Not Worth Belonging“

Hamburg, March 23th, 2013. The opening of the »Internationale Bauausstellung« draws large crowds to the once derelict district of Wilhelmsburg. Among the prime attractions are Saskia Sassen und Richard Sennett, the Royal Couple of Sociology, two of the most influential intellectuals of the globe and – as husbands and wives often will do – agreeing on many things but by no means on all (as will be seen below). Both are scheduled to speak during the opening conference, and both have agreed to talk to me about »Europe 2023« during lunch break. We walk to their nearby hotel »Wälderhaus«, an ... continue reading

Karlsruhe weist Klage gegen Beschneidungsgesetz zurück

Zehn Zeilen Begründung: Mehr braucht die 2. Kammer des Ersten Senats nicht für die erste Entscheidung aus Karlsruhe zu dem im letzten Jahr so heiß umstrittenen Beschneidungsgesetz. Das liegt allerdings an der konkreten Verfassungsbeschwerde: Die hatte (der Sachverhalt ist äußerst knapp) ein Mann erhoben, der 1991 als Sechsjähriger von einem nicht ärztlich ausgebildeten „Beschneider“ beschnitten worden war. Das Beschneidungsgesetz stellt mit dem neuen § 1631d BGB klar, dass es keine Straftat ist, sein Kind beschneiden zu lassen – wenn dabei die Regeln der ärztlichen Kunst befolgt werden. Nur während der ersten sechs Monate darf auch ein Nichtmediziner die Beschneidung vornehmen. Damit ... continue reading

Supremacy of the EU Charter in National Courts in Purely Domestic Cases

The European Union is not just a community based on common interests but is also a community of values. These values are peace, democracy, the rule of law and human rights. If the EU does not want to lose its credibility, it has a duty to defend all of these values to the greatest extent possible, at least within Europe, and especially within the European Union. The different options of how to enforce these values do not exclude, but rather reinforce each other. Most of them depend on political discretion (isolation of the political party concerned within its European party ... continue reading

The EU Is More Than A Constraint On Populist Democracy

Jan-Werner Müller’s eloquent proposal on what the EU should do when one (or more) of its Member States seems to be sliding towards authoritarianism follows the logic of the idea of constrained democracy, put forward in Müller’s recent work on the history of political thought in the 20th century Europe. While I find this vision of the EU appealing (and find Müller’s work on the EU deeply inspiring), I do not think that it is based on a faithful reconstruction of the integration process and the accompanying ›post-war constitutional settlement‹. I fear that Müller’s idealisation, no matter how well it ... continue reading

Less Constraint of Popular Democracy, More Empowerment of Citizens

While I share Müller’s concern about the situation in Hungary and Romania, and agree that a ›Copenhagen Commission‹ might be a good addition to safeguard the basic democratic values in the EU, I differ significantly in the assessment of the nature of the solution. Below, I will first discuss this difference in approach, which focuses less on constraining popular democracy and more on empowering citizens, and then offer some comments on the possible structure and power of the ›Copenhagen Commission‹. Müller’s argument, as in his fascinating book, is one based on the ethics of containment – that it is necessary ... continue reading