Articles for category: Europa

The Legacy of Kinsa

The CJEU’s judgment in Kinsa marks a rare rights-based correction to the EU’s punitive approach to migration. Prompted by a case from Italy, the Court confronts the criminalisation of those who cross borders caring for children. Rather than deferring to enforcement rationales, it centres fundamental rights and draws clear constitutional limits. The ruling opens a path to challenge overbroad criminalisation not just retrospectively, but at the level of legal design. In the shadow of ongoing EU reform efforts, Kinsa signals a shift: from border control to proportionality scrutiny.

26. Juni 2025

Energy Sanctions Reloaded

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The European Commission proposed a ban on Russian gas imports based on Article 207 TFEU – a legal basis related to the EU’s Common Commercial Policy, rather than the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Although the policy domains of trade and sanctions often overlap in practice, the new proposal seems to overlook that the EU maintains a distinct legal framework for imposing sanctions. If the ban is ultimately enacted under Article 207 TFEU, there is a risk that one or more Member States opposing these new sanctions against Russia will challenge it on the grounds that this EU Regulation is based on the wrong legal basis.

25. Juni 2025

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Piraterie in der Ostsee

Immer häufiger kommt es auf der Ostsee zu Sabotageakten und elektromagnetischen Signalstörungen, für die Schiffe der russischen Schattenflotte verantwortlich gemacht werden. Da sich diese Aktionen oft in internationalen Gewässern abspielen, herrscht unter manchen Rechtswissenschaftlern und Praktikern Skepsis, ob Marine und Küstenwache eingreifen können. Eine „schlafende“, aber immer noch gültige Norm des Anti-Piraterierechts bietet für die Ostsee-Anrainerstaaten allerdings sehr weitreichende Möglichkeiten, genau das zu tun.

25. Juni 2025

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Reform ohne Wirkung

Im vergangenen Monat hat die Kommission einen Reformvorschlag zur DSGVO vorgelegt. Konkret soll Art. 30 DSGVO angepasst werden, der Datenverarbeiter verpflichtet ein sog. „Verarbeitungsverzeichnis“ zu führen. Bisher galt für Unternehmen mit weniger als 250 Beschäftigten eine Ausnahme. Künftig soll diese Grenze auf 750 Mitarbeiter angehobenen werden. Doch der Vorschlag polarisiert.

24. Juni 2025

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Haunted by Text

Slovak PM Fico renewed his attempts to amend Slovakia’s Constitution. The most controversial provisions are a “national identity safeguard” limiting the effect of international and supranational law, and a definition of sex as strictly binary. After securing backing from some opposition members, his cabinet has submitted the amendment to parliament for debate and a vote. While public mobilisation against the proposed amendment proposal is important, legal scholars and NGOs should avoid using language that might reinforce the perception that the formally powerful Constitutional Court lacks the authority to strike down or reinterpret such changes in line with constitutional values.

23. Juni 2025

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When Failure Succeeds and Success Fails

Despite its modest uptake since its inception in 2012, the European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) has become the subject of several cases before the Court of Justice of the EU. The ECI is the world's first and only instrument of direct transnational democracy, allowing a group of at least seven European citizens from seven different EU member states to request that the Union take new action. The growing legal challenges around successful but ineffective ECIs reflect a fundamental mismatch between constitutional recognition of participatory democracy and institutional realities.

19. Juni 2025

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Beyond Legal Restoration

A recently published proposal by former Constitutional Court judge Béla Pokol suggests introducing a new emergency regime designed to defend Hungary’s illiberal system against potential re-democratization efforts by a future government. Together with international criticism of Poland’s judicial reform in its process of democratic renewal, this provokes a profound reckoning: traditional legal formalism may no longer serve the needs of constitutional recovery. It is time for a post-formalist approach to democratic reconstruction.

17. Juni 2025

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Overcoming the Hungarian Veto

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A Russian victory over Ukraine would make a military confrontation with Europe more likely. To prevent this, the Union must prolong the Russian sanctions, including the freezing of 200 billion EUR in central bank assets. The prolongation of these sanctions requires a unanimous decision pursuant to Article 31(1) TEU. Hungary threatens to obstruct this decision. We propose a way to end Hungary's obstruction. It requires no grand actions, only a few interpretative steps and a narrow political consensus.

13. Juni 2025

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Von der Ausnahme zur Regel?

„Haft“ und Freiheitsbeschränkungen waren und sind bei den Diskussionen um das neue Gemeinsame Europäische Asylsystem zentrale Schlagworte. In diesem Beitrag wird deshalb einerseits die Zunahme von Möglichkeiten der formellen Inhaftnahme dargestellt. Außerdem werden weitere Inhaftierungspotentiale – also faktischer Freiheitsentzug, ohne dass dieser als solcher bezeichnet wird – aufgezeigt.

12. Juni 2025

From Dialogue to Discord

Advocate General Ćapeta delivered her Opinion regarding a violation of Article 2 TEU, which lies at the heart of the pending case before the CJEU – a case that bears, quite appropriately, the name “Valeurs de l’Union”. Her opinion is likely to cause a stir. Even though this is not the final judgment, it is unprecedented for Article 2 TEU to be declared justiciable and found to have been infringed.

10. Juni 2025

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