Articles for category: Europa

How the EU is Becoming a Rule-of-Law-less Union of States

The most recent attempt by Poland's executive to undermine the very foundations of the Union legal order speaks volumes about how far the politics of resentment have come since 2015. With the Constitutional Tribunal about to hand the government its desired excuse to ignore interim measures of the Court of Justice of the European Union, a point of no return might have been reached. This new phase sees the dismantling of the rule of law on the domestic front being reinforced, aided and abetted now by the legitimizing inaction and/or spineless bargaining at … the supranational level. The EU through its institutions is playing the game according to the rules dictated by the smart autocrats.

28. April 2021

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A Relieving Decision

With its interim decision of 15 April 2021, the German Federal Constitutional Court has paved the way for ratification of the 2020 Own Resources Decision by the German side. At the same time, the Court shows that it will apply the well-known constitutional standards in the main proceedings, possibly – this is only a guess – concentrated on the ultra vires review, which allows the all-important dialogue with the ECJ to continue in the framework of a preliminary ruling procedure.

27. April 2021

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A Securitarian Solange

There is sigh of relief across Europe after the BVerfG has rejected the injunction order by the plaintiffs against the Own Resources Decision. But a decision by the French Conseil d’Etat taken on the same day might be the far more important political decision. Indeed, the French Court goes further than the BVerfG by openly resisting the application of EU law. In this case, the French Government will indeed reject EU law for an extended (and potentially unlimited) period of time.

25. April 2021

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The Conseil d’Etat refuses to follow the Pied Piper of Karlsruhe

The Conseil d’Etat categorically rejected the proposal that the courts of the member states, in particular their supreme (or constitutional) courts, would be entitled to review an "ultra vires" of the European institutions. The wording of the judgment is an implicit acknowledgement that there is a monopoly of the EU Court of Justice in the authentic interpretation of the Treaty - unlike the German Federal Constitutional Court in the Weiss case and the doctrine of constitutional identity and protection of national security.

24. April 2021

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Die Relativierung der ultra-vires-Kontrolle im Eilrechtsschutz

Zeigt sich in der Eilentscheidung zu "Next Generation EU" tendenziell eine Zurücknahme der Kontrolle des Bundesverfassungsgerichts gegenüber europäischen Rechtsakten? Worin genau besteht diese Zurücknahme der Kontrolle? Die Spielräume des Gerichts im Hauptsacheverfahren dürften größer sein, als es die ersten Reaktionen vermuten lassen. Allerdings zeigt der Verzicht auf eine summarische Prüfung beim Eilrechtsschutz im Rahmen von ultra-vires-Rügen, dass das Bundesverfassungsgericht es hinnimmt, dass potentiell kompetenzwidrige Unionsrechtsakte zumindest vorübergehende Rechtswirkungen entfalten.

23. April 2021

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Eine erleichternde Entscheidung

Mit seinem Eilbeschluss vom 15. April 2021 hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht den Weg zur Ratifikation des Eigenmittelbeschlusses 2020 von deutscher Seite geebnet und den Weg zur Auszahlung der NGEU-Mittel frei gemacht. Zugleich zeigt das Gericht auf, dass es die hergebrachten verfassungsrechtlichen Maßstäbe im Hauptsacheverfahren anwenden wird, möglicherweise – dies nur eine Vermutung – konzentriert auf die Ultra-vires-Kontrolle, die es im Gefüge des Vorabscheidungsverfahrens erlaubt, den so wichtigen Dialog mit dem EuGH fortzusetzen.

22. April 2021

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Größe und Tragik

Das Projekt „Next Generation EU“ wird zu einer grundlegenden Veränderung der EU führen. Sie reicht in ihrer Reichweite und Tiefe an den großen Reformschritt „Maastricht“ heran. Der Beschluss des BVerfG, keine Eilverfügung gegen die Ratifizierung des Eigenmittelbeschluss-Gesetzes zu erlassen, zeigt – wie in einem Brennglas – Größe und Tragik des Anspruchs des BVerfG, eine von ihm immer erst zu definierende Verfassungsidentität gegen die EU-Organe und die politisch handelnden Verfassungsorgane schützen zu wollen.

21. April 2021

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Jeopardizing Judicial Dialogue is Contrary to EU Law

On 15 April 2021, AG Pikamäe delivered his opinion in the IS case, originating from a Hungarian criminal proceeding against a Swedish national. The national judge referred three questions for preliminary reference to the CJEU, one regarding the suspect’s right to translation and two regarding the general status of judicial independence in Hungary. As a reaction, the Hungarian Prosecutor General initiated a so-called “appeal in the interests of the law” and the Hungarian Supreme Court held the reference to be unlawful.

20. April 2021

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Defending Plurality

Academic freedom is under attack, both in authoritarian democracies, such as Hungary and Turkey, and in liberal Western democracies, such as the United States, the UK, France and Germany. However, dominant discourses about academic freedom and free speech in the global north, lately especially in France and Germany, focus on an alleged threat to academic freedom through "political correctness" and "cancel culture", that, under scrutiny, often turn out to be exactly the opposite, namely defences of plurality and critical voices.

19. April 2021

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Democratizing the App Store

As of March 2021, several State bills in the United States have been launched to address the antitrust issues with the iOS App Store and Google Play Store. The two Tech Giants Apple and Google are charging software developers up to a 30 percent commission on the price of paid apps and in-app purchases. Legislators not only in the US but also in the EU aim to address the “gatekeeper” role of Big Tech, such as Amazon and Google. When attempting to democratize app stores, legislators should aim to allow small developers and startups easy access to app stores. This would both decrease prices for consumers and allow for more innovation and consumer choice.

7. April 2021

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