Articles for category: Europa

Democracy or Domination

The urgency of Europe’s creep towards plutocracy calls for a similarly urgent response. Competition law, given its history and potential as a tool of anti-domination, is a natural fit to protect and revitalise democracy in Europe from the threats posed by excessive concentrations of private power. For it to be effective for that purpose, competition scholars must clearly articulate which democratic values, like non-domination, competition law should seek to pursue, and clear-mindedly design mechanisms through which to channel them.

23. Januar 2025

, , ,

Zuckerberg’s Strategy

On January 7, 2025, and in the days following, the founder and CEO of Meta, Mark Zuckerberg, made a series of statements that framed Meta's previous and future content policy with an evidently strategic intention. The change of content moderation policy, as described in three comprehensive points in his personal announcement on his own platforms, may even sound reasonable, as discussed below. However, the reasoning and the framing of these changes appear to show that Meta is up to something entirely different from just further optimizing its curation of content on its platforms.

21. Januar 2025

, , , ,

Musk, Techbrocracy, and Free Speech

In this blogpost, I situate and address Musk’s position within the broader EU debate on freedom of expression. The purpose of this symposium is to elucidate aspects that make Musk, his influence, and his provocations to the EU legal order, problematic under EU law, and, should we consider his influence as unwanted, harmful or illegal, whether EU law can provide answers to it. This post centres on three points: (i) Musk’s changes to X’s content moderation process, (ii) Musk’s usage of X to amplify select political candidates and (iii) Musk’s ownership of Starlink. It ends with a note on how this fits in a grander theme, which has been dubbed by commentators such as Paul Bernal as the ‘techbrocracy’.

17. Januar 2025

, ,

Musk, Power, and the EU

At a time when calls for the EU to respond to Musk’s provocations multiply, critical questions about whether, why, and how the EU may react remain largely unanswered. Musk’s conduct, which spans sectors as diverse as social media (X, formerly Twitter), AI (xAI), satellite technology (Starlink), space rockets (SpaceX), and electric vehicles (Tesla), pose unique challenges to existing legal frameworks. His multi-industry influence gives rise to profound questions about the limits of individual influence and power accumulation in a complex geopolitical landscape.

17. Januar 2025

, ,

Steht die Mindestlohnrichtlinie vor dem Aus?

Die im Oktober 2022 verabschiedete Richtlinie über angemessene Mindestlöhne in der EU sticht vor allem durch ihren hohen Symbolwert hervor. Dänemark sah die Richtlinie außerhalb der Kompetenzen des Unionsgesetzgebers und klagte, unterstützt von Schweden, vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof. Am 14. Januar 2025 legte Generalanwalt Emiliou seine Schlussanträge vor. Niemand fällt aus allen Wolken, wenn der Generalanwalt bestätigt, dass sich der Unionsgesetzgeber mit der Mindestlohn-RL auf äußerst dünnes Eis begeben hat. Gleichwohl hätte man die Anträge so nicht erwartet. Der GA empfiehlt, die Richtlinie in vollem Umfang für nichtig zu erklären.

16. Januar 2025

, , , ,

The Branch That Finally Snapped

The story goes: a Polish politician, after allegedly committing a crime, leaves Poland and settles in Hungary. While historically not uncommon, the act of Hungary granting “asylum” to Marcin Romanowski generates crucial legal questions regarding the EU’s legal order. More specifically, what kind of asylum is at play here, whether this act was lawful from the perspective of the EU law, and what impact it has on the Union’s legal system.

15. Januar 2025

, ,

Im Sog der Bürokratierhetorik

Lieferketten- und Nachhaltigkeitsregulierung sind auf bestem Wege, zentrale Wahlkampfthemen zu werden. Als eine der ersten Gesetzesinitiativen nach dem Bruch der Ampelkoalition brachte die FDP einen Entwurf zur Aufhebung des Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetzes (LkSG) ein und prangert darin „teure Lieferkettenbürokratie“ an, die sinnbildlich für einen Ansatz der „gesinnungsethischen Politik“ stehe und keine spürbaren Verbesserungen entlang der Lieferkette bringe. Der Entwurf befindet sich derzeit gemeinsam mit einer parallelen Initiative der CDU/CSU-Fraktion in der Ausschussberatung. Er steht exemplarisch dafür, wie ‚Bürokratie‘ zu einem politischen Schlüsselbegriff hinter dem Backlash gegen den Green Deal wird.

10. Januar 2025

,

How the EU Commission Backs up Pushbacks at the EU-Belarussian Border

In December 2024, the European Commission issued a communication to the European Parliament and the Council discussing the current situation of so-called ‘hybrid threats’ at the EU-Belarussian border. With the goal of stopping irregular arrivals of migrants and its facilitation by Belarus and Russia, the EU Commission outlines how EU primary law, namely Art. 72 TFEU, could be utilized by Member States to circumvent the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and curtail the protection afforded by fundamental rights for migrants. By advising member states to make use of this legal pathway for the current situation at the EU-Belarussian border, the EU Commission indirectly justifies the current pushback practices from Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.

7. Januar 2025

,

Das Dunkelfeld aufhellen

Algorithmische Lösungen zur Aufdeckung potenzieller Geldwäschefälle werden in Finanzinstituten und Banken bereits großflächig eingesetzt. Der EU-Gesetzgeber hat jedoch die Chance verpasst, solche KI-Systeme als hochriskant i.S.d. EU-KI-Verordnung einzustufen und damit einer besonders strengen Regulierung nach Art. 8 ff. EU-KI-Verordnung zu unterstellen. In der Geldwäschebekämpfung ist der Einsatz von KI mit gravierenden Risiken automatisierter Fehlentscheidungen verbunden, die durch die Privatisierung des geldwäscherechtlichen Verdachtswesens zu massiven Grundrechtsumgehungen führen können. Eine staatliche Einhegung wäre daher wünschenswert (gewesen).

30. Dezember 2024

,

EU Citizens‹ Right to Join Political Parties

The Maastricht Treaty formally created the concept of citizenship of the European Union, based upon holding the nationality of a Member State. Now provided for in Article 20 TFEU, EU citizenship includes the right for EU citizens to vote in municipal and European Parliament elections in a Member State other than that of their nationality on the same basis as nationals. Two recent judgments by the Court of Justice enhance the role of EU citizenship as regards political rights, but its recognition of the importance of national identity in this area means that Member States can still place some limits on non-nationals’ role in politics.

16. Dezember 2024

, ,