Articles for category: Regionen

Nudge and the European Union

Europe has largely been absent from the US-dominated debate surrounding the introduction of nudge-type interventions in policy-making. As the EU and its Member States are exploring the possibility of embracing nudging, it appears desirable to reframe such a debate so as to adapt it to the legal and political realities of the European Union.

Ich bin Charlie Hebdo (bin ich?)

Wie Tausende andere habe ich gestern den spontanen Drang empfunden, in den „Je-suis-Charlie“-Chor einzustimmen. Wir alle wollen uns mit den Opfern solidarisieren, die ihr Leben für unser aller Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit aufs Spiel gesetzt und verloren haben. Wir wollen es ihnen gleichtun, wir wollen uns diese Freiheit nicht nehmen lassen, wir wollen uns nicht auf die Knie zwingen und einschüchtern, wir wollen uns nicht terrorisieren lassen, und was gäbe es für einen besseren Weg, dies zu tun und öffentlich zu zeigen, als ohne langes Federlesen eine möglichst gepfefferte Mohammed-Karikatur zu posten? Ich habe es nicht getan. Warum nicht? Der Grund ist, dass ... continue reading

Verhinderte Rechtsanwendung: deutsche Gerichte, CETA/TIIP und Investor-Staat-Streitigkeiten

Selten war das Interesse an völkerrechtlichen Verträgen so groß wie im Fall der geplanten Freihandelsabkommen TTIP und CETA. Doch im CETA-Entwurf, der auch für TTIP als Muster dienen soll, findet sich ein auf den ersten Blick eher unscheinbarer Artikel zu den Private Rights, der gleichsam en passant die innerstaatliche Anwendung des Abkommens ausschließt. Dies bestätigt, dass die Auswirkungen der Abkommen weniger dramatisch wären, als es bisweilen erscheint.

CJEU Opinion 2/13 – Three Mitigating Circumstances

The academic response to CJEU Opinion 2/13 on EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights can be characterised as a combination of shock, disbelief and protest. Indeed, the Opinion looks like total overkill, as the grounds for rejecting the draft accession agreement are so many and so diverse that they unavoidably give the impression of being primarily based on a defensive and territorial attitude of protecting the exclusive and superior nature of the CJEU’s own jurisdiction. That said, the critical discussion on Opinion 2/13 should include a search for rational explanations as to why the CJEU’s opinion is negative, even if in the extreme. What follows is a short reflection on three factors towards that kind of an approach, without any intention to defend the Opinion itself.

Opinion 2/13 on EU accession to the ECHR: a Christmas bombshell from the European Court of Justice

On 18 December 2014, the ECJ delivered its long awaited Opinion 2/13 on the compatibility with EU law of the draft agreement for EU accession to the ECHR. The ECJ concluded, to the great surprise of many, that the accession agreement is not compatible with EU law. Indeed it found so many obstacles with the agreement that it has now rendered accession very difficult, if not impossible.

Thou shalt have no other courts before me

Opinion 2/13 has already spurred outrage throughout the blogosphere. I concur with the statements published on this site: none of the Court’s arguments is compelling, some can be attributed to its exaggerated cautiousness, some, however, are utterly ill-founded. My contribution will focus on the ECJ’s statements under the caption ‘The specific characteristics and the autonomy of EU law’ (starting at marginal number 179) which I consider to be those with the most glaring blunders and misapprehensions.

Zellhaufen, Embryo, Mensch? Die jüngste Entscheidung des EuGH zu Stammzell-Patenten

Manipulierte menschliche Eizellen, aus denen nach einigen Tagen der Entwicklung Stammzellen gewonnen werden, sind nicht patentierbar. Dies schien die Linie des Europäischen Gerichtshof seit der richtungsweisenden Entscheidung Brüstle v. Greenpeace von 2011 zu sein. Doch jetzt hat der Gerichtshof in Luxemburg seine Rechtsprechung in einem wichtigen Punkt präzisiert, wenn nicht gar korrigiert. So genannte Parthenoten, so der EuGH in seinem jüngsten Urteil International Stem Cell Corporation, sind (doch) keine menschlichen Embryonen! Deshalb können biotechnologische Erfindungen, welche die Verwendung von Parthenoten zum Gegenstand haben, patentiert werden.

Let Not Triepel Triumph – How To Make the Best Out of Sentenza No. 238 of the Italian Constitutional Court for a Global Legal Order

The Italian Constiutional Court’s English) already inspired a flurry of comments in the blogosphere (see in EJIL talk! Christian Tams (24 Oct. 2014) and Theodor Schilling (12 Nov. 2014); on the Verfassungsblog amongst others Andrea Pin (19 Nov. 2014); on the Völkerrechtsblog Heidelberg Journal of International Law 2015, issue 1. In that Sentenza, the Corte refused to give effect to the ICJ’s judgment (in) Immunities in the Age of Global Constitutionalism (Leiden: Brill 2015)), but – maybe even more importantly – because it concerns the relationship between international law (in the shape of a judgment by the ICJ) and domestic law, as applied by a domestic (constitutional) court. Just the latest item in ... continue reading

Acceding to the ECHR notwithstanding the Court of Justice Opinion 2/13

The Court’s Opinion on the accession of the EU to the European Convention on Human Rights may have shattered expectations. The revised accession agreement that was renegotiated by the EU and its Member States with the State Parties to the ECHR, after an initial rejection in the Council by the UK and France, has been dodged by the Court. Tobias Lock in his very fast and intelligent comment answered that question by stating that ‘[i]t is clear that the drafters of the DAA will have to return to the negotiating table’. I respectfully disagree.