Articles for category: Regionen

Why the Provisional Measures Order in Nicaragua v. Germany severely limits Germany’s ability to transfer arms to Israel

In an application before the International Court of Justice brought by Nicaragua against Germany, Nicaragua requested that the ICJ indicate provisional measures as a matter of extreme urgency with respect to Germany’s ‘participation in the ongoing plausible genocide and serious breaches of international humanitarian law and other peremptory norms of general international law occurring in the Gaza Strip’. While Nicaragua did not get any of the provisional measures requested, the request for provisional measures may nevertheless have achieved its aim of preventing Germany from providing arms to Israel for use in the Gaza Strip.

2. Mai 2024

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Ten Commandments to Stifle Academic Freedom

Since 2010, the beginning of the populist takeover and the authoritarian transition, Hungary has gathered a lot of experience on how to dismantle academic freedom. This knowledge can be useful for other autocrats as well. But even if we don’t want to give them tips on how to repeat what happened and is happening in this country, it might still be worth reconstructing how it all took place. This can be especially useful for calculating what to expect from autocrats and preparing how to defend against them.

2. Mai 2024

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International Trade and “Embedded Emissions” after KlimaSeniorinnen

A key and underrated aspect of the recent triad of climate rulings of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is that the ECtHR has brought to the fore the role of trade-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in states’ carbon footprints. While most international climate agreements focus on the reduction of domestic GHG emissions, in the Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland Judgment (KlimaSeniorinnen), the ECtHR found ‘attributable’ to Switzerland the GHG emissions taking place abroad, ‘embedded’ into goods (and possibly services) ‘consumed’ in Switzerland. As I will argue, the ruling appears to require Switzerland to adopt a climate-oriented trade policy.

1. Mai 2024

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Kein Kniefall vorm Gericht

Eine klaffende Lücke im Rechtsschutzsystem der Bundesrepublik gäbe einer autoritär-populistischen Regierung die Möglichkeit, sich aus eigener Machtvollkommenheit über Gerichtsentscheidungen hinwegzusetzen – ohne nennenswerte Konsequenzen. Denn einer Regierung, die Urteile missachtet, setzen Gerichte kaum etwas entgegen. Deshalb soll das verwaltungsprozessuale Zwangsvollstreckungsrecht reformiert werden. Die geplanten Änderungen werden aber nicht für mehr Resilienz gegen exekutiven Ungehorsam sorgen.

30. April 2024

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Separation of Powers and KlimaSeniorinnen

Especially in Switzerland, the KlimaSeniorinnen ruling has been met with sharp criticism. The rightwing Swiss People’s party (Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP) (predictably) accused the Court of judicial overreach and demanded that Switzerland leave the Council of Europe. The ECtHR decision directly addresses separation of powers and the role of the judiciary in adjudicating human rights, specifically in the context of climate change. This post unpacks the decision and argues that concerns about ECtHR overreach are unwarranted. It shows how the judgment forms an integral part of democratic governance (particularly in Switzerland) whilst being conducive to better laws and policies.

30. April 2024

Ernährung am Existenzminimum

Ist das Bürgergeld verfassungswidrig, weil es keine gesunde Ernährung ermöglicht? Ernährungswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die erst nach der letzten Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts gewonnen wurden, sprechen dafür. Gesunde Ernährung kostet mehr, als bei der jetzigen Berechnung der Regelbedarfe für Ernährung berücksichtigt wird. Denn nach den aktuellen Zahlen der Europäischen Gemeinschaftsstatistik über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen können sich 13 Prozent der Menschen in Deutschland nicht jeden zweiten Tag eine Mahlzeit mit Fleisch, Geflügel, Fisch oder einer vegetarischen Alternative leisten.

30. April 2024

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Rebuilding the Rule of Law

The victory of the opposition in the parliamentary elections in Poland in 2023 followed by the formation of a coalition government paved the way for the rebuilding of the rule of law after a period of its systematic violation during the 8-year rule of PiS. The first four months of the new government have already shown that this process will not be easy. However, certain actions aimed at rebuilding the violated standards have already been taken. Three goals and values ​​should be among the guiding principles in the process of rebuilding the rule of law in Poland: legalism, legal certainty, and building citizens' trust in public institutions.

29. April 2024

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Das ist Kunst, das kommt weg

Auch ohne Beteiligung einer autoritären Partei an einer Regierung hat der sog. „Kulturkampf von Rechts“ längst begonnen und zeitigt Erfolge. Nicht nur in Thüringen oder in Deutschland, sondern auch international dient Kultur als Strategie der Polarisierung. Sie bietet ein besonders wirksames, oft unterschätztes Feld für Legitimationsnarrative, denn sie baut Legitimationsbrücken zwischen Rechtspopulismus und Neonazismus. Jetzt kommt erst die schlechte Nachricht: Eine autoritäre Regierung kann sich dabei die Kunstförderung spielend leicht zu Nutze machen

29. April 2024

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The Enemy Within

It is an oft-forgotten fact that Poland has a coalition government. And it is oft-forgotten for a good reason: the largest of the coalition partners, PiS, carries a plurality of votes in the Parliament as well as the strongest popular support. For most of the time this allows them to suppress or ignore any dissenting voices within the coalition. The coalition arrangement however causes constant tensions.

29. April 2024

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The European Court of Human Rights‹ April 9 Climate Rulings and the Future (Thereof)

By recognizing the responsibility they have toward future individuals who will be standing in their shoes, current decision-makers are encouraged to adopt long-term perspectives and consider the broader implications of their actions beyond the immediate. This responsibility is echoed in numerous statements by the ECtHR in its rulings about how it understands its own role in European society and the world, and about the deference it believes it owes to domestic decision-makers on the one hand, and to its own past and future work on the other hand. In this light, the ECtHR has struck a pragmatic yet slightly cynical balance between the great demands it was faced with and the great responsibilities it owes to European citizens, to other institutions, and to itself.

29. April 2024

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