Articles for tag: KlimabeschlussKlimaklagenKlimakrise

Zwei Jahre Klimabeschluss des Bundesverfassungsgerichts

Der Beschluss des Bundesverfassungsgerichts vom 24. März 2021 wurde von der Deutschen Umwelthilfe als „die wohl bedeutendste Umweltschutz-Entscheidung in der Geschichte des Bundesverfassungsgerichts“ gelobt. Wenn man mit dem Abstand von zwei Jahren auf die Entscheidung und ihre (Nicht)Folgen sieht, muss die Bewertung deutlich nüchterner ausfallen. Zum einen wird meist übersehen, dass die unmittelbare Wirkung des Beschlusses denkbar gering war. Vor allem wird er aber von der Politik, von den Verwaltungsgerichten und sogar vom Bundesverfassungsgericht selbst nicht umgesetzt. Das Problem, wie effektiver Klimaschutz durchgesetzt werden kann, ist nach wie vor nicht gelöst.

Ausgebremst

Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat am 17. Januar 2023 einen Beschluss zur Nichtannahme einer Verfassungsbeschwerde veröffentlicht. Die Beschwerdeführenden haben sich gegen die Nichteinführung eines Tempolimits auf Bundesautobahnen gerichtet und sich dabei auf den Klimaschutz berufen. Damit hatten sie keinen Erfolg, obwohl die Klimaentscheidung von März 2021 den Klimaschutz doch scheinbar verfassungsrechtlich „beschlussfähig“ machte. Der Beschluss zeigt, dass auch ein intertemporaler Freiheitsschutz Beschwerdeführenden keine weiteren Zugänge für Rügen im Bereich von Art. 20a GG eröffnet und Klimaklagen keine einzelnen klimarelevanten Maßnahmen verfassungsrechtlich einfordern können. Um dies zu ändern, müsste die Gesetzgebung tätig werden und Art. 20a GG verfassungsprozessual handhabbar machen.

The Future of European Climate Change Litigation

On 7 June 2022 the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) relinquished jurisdiction to the Grand Chamber to hear the application lodged on 28 January 2021 on behalf of Damien Carême, former mayor of the Commune of Grande Synthe in France. While the case shares some characteristics with other climate change cases pending before the Court, it differs in some key respects, making it a unique case of its kind at the moment. The Court will have to be open to a shift towards a more ecological interpretation of the Convention and demonstrate its ability and talent to rise to the historic task required.

World Lawyers’ Pledge on Climate Action

The world is facing climate emergency, one of a series of overlapping and mutually reinforcing environmental crises. In 2017, more than 15,000 scientists from 184 countries signed the World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity, urging the world to take immediate action against the current trajectory of catastrophic climate change. We, as concerned lawyers, have heard the world scientists’ call, and believe it is time for the legal community at large to organize and join the global fight against climate change.

The New EU Climate Law

On 30 June 2021, the European Parliament and the Council signed the EU Climate Law. The Law has drawn a lot of attention, stirred not least because of its head-line grabbing name. Was it merely meant to be a symbolic law to enshrine the EU’s climate objectives into law and celebrate the EU Green Deal? Or was it meant to be a new governance framework that changes the way decisions are taken on EU and Member State level?

The Grande Synthe Saga Continues

France’s highest administrative court ruled that the French government had failed to take sufficient action to mitigate climate change and ordered it to take additional measures to redress that failure. The Grande Synthe II decision of 1 July 2021 follows the findings by the Conseil d’État in a previous decision that France’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets constitute legal obligations that are enforceable against the state. However, how, and when to redress France’s failure have been, to a broad extent, left to the discretion of the government. This all but ensures the Grande Synthe saga to continue.

The Courts Strike Back

The Shell case, decided by the Hague District Court on 26 May 2021, is part of a growing body of climate cases. What the Shell case does is that it liberates the political-decision maker from the suffocating grip of investor state dispute settlement mechanisms, in particular the mechanism under the Energy Charter Treaty.

The Power of Open Norms

In a judgement of 26 May, the District Court of the Hague found that Royal Dutch Shell has an “individual responsibility” to limit its carbon emissions by at least 45 percent by 2030. Notable about the ruling is the unwritten standard of care functioning as an open norm, facilitating the accountability of private power. The openness of legal categories not only entails a potential to drive forward social change, but it also implicitly highlights the political role and nature of private law.

Shell’s Climate Obligation

On 26 May, the District Court of The Hague ruled that the fossil fuels company Royal Dutch Shell needs to reduce its emissions by 45 percent by 2030, compared to 2019. Precisely, the court held Shell responsible for its entire production and supply chain. The ruling will greatly advance the implementation of Article 2 of the Paris Agreement and climate-related human rights.