Articles for tag: FlüchtlingsrechtMigrationsrechtNotlageZurückweisung

Der Mythos von der Notlage

Seit dem Attentat von Solingen überbietet sich die Politik in Forderungen, die Rechte von Geflüchteten zu beschneiden oder gar auszusetzen. Nicht nur die CDU und ihr Vorsitzender Friedrich Merz preschen mit radikalen Forderungen vor und inszenieren sich dabei als Retter eines Volkes im Ausnahmezustand. Auch wenn die Rhetorik von Merz und Teilen der Bundesregierung dies anders implizieren – aus rechtlicher Perspektive ist die Antwort klar: Zurückweisungen aufgrund eines „Notstands“ lassen sich weder durch das Flüchtlings- noch durch das Europarecht rechtfertigen.

Mit Sicherheit nicht

Die Forderung, Leistungen für sogenannte „Dublin-Fälle“ zu kürzen bzw. ganz auszuschließen, hat nach dem islamistischen Terrorangriff von Solingen Eingang in das „Sicherheitspaket“ der Bundesregierung gefunden. Die aktuelle politische Debatte zeugt in erster Linie von Unkenntnis der aktuellen Rechtslage und der Lebenssituation von Asylsuchenden und geduldeten Menschen in Deutschland. Die Forderungen, Sozialleistungen für geflüchteten Menschen im Dublin-Verfahren noch weiter zu kürzen oder sie sogar davon auszuschließen, sind mit dem Grundgesetz nicht vereinbar.

Nun also doch? Zurückweisungen von Asylbewerbern aufgrund einer „Notlage“

Die Dublin-Regeln verlieren nicht deshalb ihre rechtliche Bindungswirkung, weil sie praktisch schlecht funktionieren. Im Europarecht gilt nicht das völkerrechtliche Prinzip eines „Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn“, wonach ein Land eine Verpflichtung missachten darf, weil andere Länder dasselbe machen. Zahlreiche Urteile des EuGH bekräftigen seit Jahren, dass die Dublin-Regeln trotz aller Defizite verbindlich sind. Die Politik muss Gesetze ändern, die ihr nicht gefallen.

(K)eine Frage der Gerechtigkeit

Wer weder „alt“ noch erwerbsgemindert ist und dennoch seinen Lebensunterhalt nicht aus eigenem Erwerbseinkommen oder Vermögen sichern kann, wird als arbeitsuchend eingestuft. Mit dieser Einstufung sind politische Grundannahmen verbunden, die sich im Existenzsicherungs-, aber auch im Einbürgerungsrecht und im Umgang mit Familienleistungen zeigen: Armut sei in erster Linie Armut an Erwerbsarbeit und Ausdruck einer freien Entscheidung zur Untätigkeit. Auch die als Teil der „Wachstumsinitivative“ angekündigten, zusätzlichen Verschärfungen im Bürgergeldrecht stellen sich damit als logische Fortsetzung einer einheitlichen politischen Linie dar.

Beyond Protection

Whether and how gender-related violence can constitute a ground to claim and receive asylum has long been a subject of debate in refugee law. While feminist legal scholars have long sought to alleviate the gender-blindness of the original text of the Refugee Convention, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) only started taking some steps in this direction earlier this year. The CJEU determined in K, L, that women or specific groups of women who share a belief in an additional common characteristic — such as a belief in gender equality — may be regarded as members of a ‘particular social group’ (PSG), making them eligible for refugee status.

Unconstitutionality à l’Anglaise

After long and tortuous proceedings in Parliament, the Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Act 2024 finally received Royal Assent on Thursday 25 April. There are so many problems with the Act and they are so fundamental that there has been speculation that the courts might refuse to apply some of the Act’s provisions. In this blogpost, I suggest that aside from the ‘hard-line’ approach of striking down or disapplying the statute in whole or in part, the courts also have a ‘soft-line’ option of declaring its unconstitutionality without denying its status as binding law. I explain how such an intervention might fit into the constitutional tradition of the UK and what may make it attractive in the case at hand.

Studying Migrations and Borders from a Pluridisciplinary Perspective

I chose for years to consider migrations and borders from a pluridisciplinary perspective. Such a pluridisciplinary approach reveals to be demanding: it needs both to be developed with discipline, and to be opened to wanderings. You have to accept to be confronted with personal controversies, to be faced with internal discourse on the method.

Re-Imagining the European (Political) Community through Migration Law

The constant portrayal of migration as an exceptional and problematic phenomenon fuels public anxieties and makes deterrence and harshness seem like the only effective political approaches to managing global migration. By contrast, positive visions of how a society of immigration needs to look like for all members of society to benefit are scarce. Yet to counter apocalyptic scenarios, we need not only such a positive vision but also a theory of societal action that helps to realize it. This blog post offers such a vision and theory that is grounded in the normative and legal framework of the European Union. It argues that we should conceptualize the European society as an inclusive, participatory, and self-reflexive community that is based on constitutional principles as enshrined in Art. 2 TEU. To realize this vision, we must understand practices of claiming and defending human rights not as an overreach into the political latitude of the legislator but as a joint practice of (political) community-building.

The Place of Numbers in Migration Debates

The governance of migration, in particular of asylum migration, is caught in the contrast between the political relevance of numbers, and the individuum-based structure of the law. For politics, it matters how many persons arrive, require shelter, enter procedures. For the legal assessment, however, numbers mostly do not matter: The right not to be rejected at the border, the right to access an asylum procedure and to shelter during that procedure are individual rights that are independent from the overall number of arrivals. This contrast is visible in periodical debates about a maximum number of asylum seekers per year, or proposals to abolish the individual right to protection altogether. Such proposals disregard that individual rights to protection are enshrined not just in constitutional law, but also in European and international law, and for good reason. However, it is worth taking the perspective of numbers seriously – while respecting the individual right to protection.

How the EU Death Machine Works

Since 2015, more than 27.500 innocent people died or ‘went missing’ in the Mediterranean. They drowned by themselves thanks to villain smugglers, the Council submits; accountability for the death toll is a complex matter, the Court of Justice finds; besides the geopolitical times are complex – the Commission is right. But what an accident: mare nostrum, a great thoroughfare, turned itself into a racialized grave. Yet, these deaths at EU borders, just as mass abuse and kidnappings by EU-funded and equipped thugs in Libya do not happen by chance. The EU-Belarus border is another locus of torture and violence. All this is a successful implementation of well-designed lawless policies by the Union in collusion with the Member States. In this post, we map key legal techniques deployed by the designers of the EU’s death machine.