The White Paper Within the Institutional Constraints
The European Commission’s Joint White Paper on European Defence, together with the ReArm Europe Plan; now “quietly rebranded” as “Readiness 2030”, signals a transformative moment in the European Union’s approach to security. Nevertheless, this strategic shift remains limited to short-term measures, as more permanent frameworks are constrained by lack of political will and institutional obstacles. If not addressed, this will perpetuate a short-term vision that is not capable of addressing also broader hybrid threats to democratic governance and societal cohesion.
