Kein Vor und kein Zurück

Im September hat die EU-Kommission ihren "New Pact on Migration and Asylum" vorgestellt. Noch haben sich die Mitgliedsstaaten nicht auf das Gesetzespaket geeinigt, nächste Woche wollen die europäischen Innenminister erneut verhandeln. Mit Blick auf die Entwürfe einerseits und die aktuelle Praxis der Mitgliedstaaten andererseits ist es jedoch wahrscheinlich, dass die Umsetzung der Vorschläge zu pauschaler Inhaftierung einer Vielzahl von schutzsuchenden Menschen an den EU-Außengrenzen führen wird.

LawRules #12: We need to talk about Financial Sanctions

As our podcast comes to an end, the year and the German presidency of the European Council do too. One of the foremost projects of the German presidency has been to link EU funding and compliance with rule of law standards. The mechanism is going to be a part of the next long-term budget of the Union, starting from 2021 – that is, if Hungary and Poland vote in favor of it, which is increasingly unclear at the moment, or if a way is found to circumvent their veto. The connection of rule of law violations and EU money, the advantages and shortcomings of financial sanctions for member states as well as how things stand on the current proposal – that’s what we discuss in this week’s final episode of We Need to Talk About the Rule of Law that we wrap up with an outlook on the current state of the Union, rule of law wise.

Disqualifying Instability

The so-called conditionality mechanism (in other words: "money for the rule of law") provides that breaches of the principle of the rule of law that threaten the EU’s financial interests may lead to suspension of funding. Poland and Hungary oppose this conditionality as they – with good reason – fear that they might be affected by it. What is required not to be subject to this mechanism, however, is quite straightforward and can be reasonably expected by an EU Member State.

Im Stich gelassen – Kinder im System Aufnahme

Die letzte Asylrechtsreform jährt sich. Sowohl diese als auch sämtliche Reformen in den letzten Jahren waren primär auf Verschärfung ausgerichtet. Die Folge: Das System Aufnahme bedingt strukturell menschen- und kinderrechtliche Gefährdungslagen. Verbesserungen in den Einrichtungen stoßen daher an unüberwindbare Grenzen, motiviert, unter anderem, von der politischen Idee, Geflüchtete direkt aus der Erstaufnahme zurückzuführen. Die Lage für Kinder kann sich deshalb nur verbessern, wenn das gesamte System durch einen holistischen, kinderrechtsbasierten Ansatz in die Pflicht genommen und die Dauer der Wohnpflicht in der Aufnahmeeinrichtung drastisch verkürzt wird.

Legally Feasible, Constitutionally Dubious

The EU is once again in crisis. The political goal of laying down the legal foundations for the Next Generation Europe recovery and reconstruction fund by the end of the year has moved into the far distance after Hungary and Poland announced that they would not agree to a change in the EU's own resources decision at a meeting of the Council of the European Union next week. What to do? Differentiated integration is not possible if and to the extent that NGEU is meant to be financed through EU debt. Is there a possibility of anchoring NGEU entirely in secondary legislation?

LawRules #11: We need to talk about the European Court of Justice

The European Court of Justice has been in the middle of the European rule of law crisis for the last couple of years – and it has called out rule of law violations especially in Hungary and Poland multiple times. But the Court can’t defend the rule of law in the European Union on its own, and it needs institutional partners in this struggle. For example, it needs someone to file cases and to follow up on the Court's orders. Does the European Commission do enough on their part? Who is the guardian of the Treaties – the Commission, the Court, none of the two? The European Council is able to decide on sanctions against member states using the procedure of Article 7 TEU. But that tool has not been effective so far. Does that mean that we witness the juridification of a political conflict that puts too much of a burden on the Court?

Selbstbestimmung statt Fremdbestimmung

Mitte November eskalierte der Konflikt zwischen Marokko und der Westsahara nach dreißig Jahren Waffenruhe. Die Rolle, die die EU in den letzten Jahren in der Region eingenommen hat, zeigt, dass hier hauptsächlich wirtschaftliche Interessen zählen. Wie vom EuGH bestätigt stützt der aktuelle Kurs der EU die marokkanischen Souveränitätsansprüche und perpetuiert damit den völkerrechtswidrigen Zustand in der Westsahara.

Time Is of the Essence

The announced veto of the Hungarian and Polish governments on the EU multi-annual budget and the European recovery fund has caused a major stir in recent days in Europe. The conditionality mechanism is designed to safeguard the Union’s financial interests and complements the existing political and judicial mechanisms. It is expedient to review the state of play of the procedures in place and, if necessary, to pose questions, whether they stand up to the challenges posed by developments in the respective countries, if they are carried out in a timely manner and focus on genuine effectiveness.