Thema: Sicherheit und Kriminalität

Verfassungsrechtliche Aspekte des Strafrechts und der Sicherheitspolitik, verfassungsrechtliches Strafverfahrensrecht, Grundrechte im Strafverfahren und verfassungsrechtliche Grenzen staatlicher Sicherheitsbefugnisse. Optimiert für die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Max-Planck-Institut für Strafrecht, umfasst Verfassungsstrafrecht und Verfahrensrechte.

Caution: Safeguards may appear more robust than they are

At a time when the European security architecture is evolving, and when national lawmakers must pay greater attention to an evolving set of common standards and safeguards to prevent disproportionate government access to data, it is essential to shed critical light on their implementation in actual practice. As different as the EU PNR Directive and the German legal framework are, they both include provisions that seek to prevent disproportionate government access and to ensure effective and independent review of data collection and subsequent data processing.

9. Mai 2023

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Passengers Name Records and Security

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The EU Passenger Name Records Directive is based on the logic of preventive security. Th CJEU ruling, Ligue des droits humains, offers an opportunity for national judges to question more radically the idea of generalised preventive security that seeks to anticipate human behaviour through the creation of risk profiles and statistical correlations (instead of causality).

9. Mai 2023

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Machine learning and profiling in the PNR system

Automated processing of personal data, which is what Passenger Name Record data are, can lead to forms of profiling; certain individuals or groups of people are more likely to be excluded based on the transfer of their data than others. In its Passenger Name Record judgment, the CJEU extensively discusses discrimination risks, and it set a number of conditions to prevent them. Unfortunately, not all of its considerations are perfectly clear and some of the solutions the CJEU proposes are not entirely satisfactory.

8. Mai 2023

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The Future of the European Security Architecture: A Debate Series

This debate series is dedicated to Ligue des Droits Humains – a case in which the Court of Justice of the European Union decided on the fate of one of the main drivers of this development: the Directive on on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime. The PNR Directive, being one of the first major EU-wide examples of predictive policing, is not just interesting in itself. It exemplifies the emergence and gradual consolidation of a new security architecture in Europe.

8. Mai 2023

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Good Things Take Human Rights

Die Tötung von Luisa aus Freudenberg am 11. März durch zwei geständige Freundinnen im Alter von 12 und 13 Jahren hat zu Forderungen aus der Politik geführt, das Mindestalter strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit herabzusetzen. Seitdem berichten verschiedene Medien verstärkt über Straftaten, insbesondere Gewaltdelikte, minderjähriger Täter*innen. Es ist also mit einer Rückkehr dieses Themas in die Diskussion zu rechnen. Wäre die Herabsetzung der Strafmündigkeit überhaupt mit den internationalen Verpflichtungen Deutschlands, insbesondere aus dem UN-Übereinkommen über die Rechte des Kindes (CRC), vereinbar?

31. März 2023

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The Begum Case: Why Ministerial Discretion Precludes Human Rights Issues

In recent years, cancellation of British citizenship has become a high-profile issue. This is not least because of the case of Shamima Begum, who left the UK as a 15-year-old British schoolgirl for Syria in 2015. Upon being found in a camp in Syria four years ago, the Home Secretary removed her British citizenship soon thereafter, leaving her de facto stateless. After protracted litigation surrounding a number of preliminary issues, three weeks ago, Begum lost her appeal against the decision in front of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission’s (SIAC). The Commission’s refusal to allow her appeal is remarkable for the nearly unlimited degree of discretion it appears to grant the Home Secretary in cancellation cases, even where human rights are at stake.

16. März 2023

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Shamima Begum’s Banishment is a Threat to Us All

Two weeks ago, the British Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) rejected Shamima Begum’s appeal against the Home Secretary’s decision to deprive her of citizenship, dealing the latest blow in her on-going battle to regain her status. SIAC’s choice to uphold the Home Secretary’s deprivation decision is not just blatantly unjust, unfairly punishing a victim of child trafficking, but also indicates a dangerous decline in the UK’s commitment to the rule of law.

10. März 2023

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Opferrechte in der Sackgasse

Am 07. Januar 2005 verbrannte Oury Jalloh in einer Gewahrsamszelle des Polizeireviers in Dessau. Die Todesumstände gelten nach wie vor als nicht aufgeklärt. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat nun die Verfassungsbeschwerde, mit der weitere Ermittlungen zum Tod von Oury Jalloh begehrt wurden, nicht zur Entscheidung angenommen. Der Beschluss erleichtert die Ablehnung von Klageerzwingungsanträgen und schwächt die Rechte von Opfern und Hinterbliebenen von Polizeigewalt.

28. Februar 2023

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Watchdog Watching Too Closely

In December 2017, readers of the largest and maybe also the most esteemed Finnish newspaper, Helsingin Sanomat, were surprised to find an article which, among others, showed excerpts of classified, red-labelled documents. Very little was publicly known about the workings of that special center, part of the military intelligence, situated in a faraway resort. More than five years later, on January 27th, 2023, the Helsinki District Court found both of the journalists guilty of criminal disclosure charges. Put simply, the court’s decision is that media may report abuses of power. However, an interest to attract readers only is not enough to justify the disclosure.

16. Februar 2023

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Handlungsbedarf im Gefahrenabwehrrecht

Mit einem Beschluss vom 9. Dezember 2022, bekannt geworden am 3. Februar 2023, hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht verschiedene Vorschriften des Sicherheits- und Ordnungsgesetzes von Mecklenburg-Vorpommern für verfassungswidrig und nichtig bzw. (jedenfalls) unvereinbar mit dem Grundgesetz erklärt. Im Ausgangspunkt erfasst die Entscheidung allein Regelungen des Landesrechts eines einzelnen Bundeslandes. Jedoch ergeben sich Folgefragen und ‑probleme auch für andere (landes-) gesetzliche Regelungen, zumal schon die Vorgaben aus der vorangegangenen Entscheidung zum BKA-Gesetz aus dem Jahre 2016 bislang nicht überall und durchgängig umgesetzt worden sind.

14. Februar 2023

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